It seems that for many people these days, it’s gotten a lot harder to connect with others. Unfortunately, people who’ve experienced childhood trauma are at an even greater disadvantage when it comes to forming attachments.

Childhood trauma can have life-long repercussions. These can be minor to severe, depending on the severity and duration of the trauma, the presence of parental support during the traumatic events; as well as the innate resilience of the child who experienced them.

In my years as a psychotherapist, I’ve noted that people with significant childhood trauma tend to struggle more than most with their relationships. These individuals have trouble getting close to other people, and when they do connect with others, the relationships they form aren’t always constructive ones.

Trauma in childhood can come in many forms. It can take the shape of severe parental neglect or abandonment; boundary violations or exploitation; constant criticism or undermining; parental addiction(s) or incarceration; physical assault or sexual molestation; experiences of profound loss or fear, or living in unstable or dangerous environments.

Regardless of what form the trauma takes, a lack of parental support combined with a higher degree of personal susceptibility to the traumatic events can lead to the formation of emotional wounds, and often, disorders of attachment.

In emotionally intact adults, connecting to others comes relatively easy. We meet people, we like each-other, and we form strong social bonds. In individuals who’ve experienced childhood trauma, all of these stages can be disrupted.

The emotionally wounded individual has more difficulty trusting others after the painful experiences they’ve been through. They might have a deep-seated belief that they aren’t lovable or that they’re not entitled to a loving relationship. They might be terrified of being hurt, exploited, abandoned or rejected. All of this could lead them to isolate themselves and avoid closeness with others.

People with a history of childhood trauma might believe that others will only want to associate with them if they’re a people-pleaser or care-taker. They enter into co-dependent relationships and when these invariably fall apart, they’re more fearful than ever of being hurt.

Some of these individuals are so convinced that they’ll be rejected that they inadvertently behave in ways that provoke the other person to do this. (This is an example of how our psychological defense mechanisms backfire, giving us exactly what we’re trying to avoid.)

People with childhood trauma may have deep (and valid) needs for love and nurturing that weren’t met when they were growing up. Some believe that they can get these needs met in their adult relationships. This can lead to at best, dysfunctional relationships and at worst, abusive ones in which a shrewd, exploitative predator takes advantage of their neediness.

Individuals with emotional wounds from a hurtful childhood often feel uncomfortable around other people and don’t know how to act. They often feel awkward and anxious in social situations, leading to upsetting interactions which only reinforce their sense of alienation.

These individuals have difficulty forming close bonds, either because they don’t expect people to stick around or because after everything they’ve been through, it’s difficult for them to open their heart to someone else. Sometimes, their deep ambivalence about closeness makes them behave in ways that are confusing or off-putting to others.

Some individuals with a history of childhood trauma might choose friends or partners who are hurtful or abusive. This happens because everyone prefers the familiar, and hurtful people today remind these individuals of the hurtful people from their past.

Sadly, being in relationships with hurtful people can make trauma-sufferers that much more fearful about getting involved with the next person, resulting in further social withdrawal.

Loneliness is very much a part of our modern society. More and more, our “relationships” are carried out through social media as opposed to in-person. More and more, we’re so busy and over-extended that we have little time to spend with the people we care about.

For individuals with childhood trauma, the ubiquity of social media makes it that much easier to avoid the challenges of connecting. These individuals can conduct the majority of their “relationships” on-line, in order to minimize the risks getting hurt.

Of course, the fewer in-person relationships we have and the more on-line ones we have, the lonelier we’re likely to feel. There’s no substitute for in-person contact in terms of the emotional nourishment we receive and the social skills we develop. Ultimately, if we really want to connect meaningfully with others, we have to do it in-person.

Childhood trauma can have long-term consequences, and the struggle to connect with others is one of the most significant of these. If you’ve been keeping to yourself or having difficulties with interpersonal relationships, it could be a sign that you have childhood trauma.

If you’ve been having difficulty connecting with others, the way to improve your relationships isn’t necessarily through social skills training. You may need to go a bit deeper, by working with a therapist or counselor to heal your childhood trauma.

If childhood trauma is something you’ve experienced, doing this work could make it that much easier for you to connect with others and create meaningful, lasting relationships.

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